“I mainly raised my voice to carry out two great tasks: the first consisted in freeing the spirit from the chains of the taqlîd; to understand religion as the first Muslims understood it, before dissensions had arisen between them; to go back to its first sources; to present it as a balance that God has given us to avoid the exaggerations of human reason and diminish its errors; and to enable us to attain the state which His divine wisdom has assigned to mankind. [...]. In launching this appeal, I was moving away just as much from the party which wanted only the religious sciences to be taught as from the one which was only interested in the modern sciences; and these two great parties were dividing the nation... ...And I was also calling for another reform that people were unaware of and of which they did not even seem to understand the scope, however this reform is the basis of social life and the Egyptians only fell into decay, and were humiliated by their neighbors, because they had neglected it. It consists in drawing a very clear line of demarcation between the rights that the government has over the people, and this is the right of obedience, and those that the people have vis-à-vis their government, and that is the right of obedience. is the law of justice. »

Mohammad ABDUH