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By the expression maqâsid ash-sharî'a (finalities ) , we mean the goals that the Texts aim at behind the orders, the prohibitions and the permissions that they state, and the objectives that the annexed precepts set for the individual, the family, society and the community. We can also define these purposes as designating the wisdom that is hidden behind the precepts of the law...
Understanding the purposes of the Shari'a
By the expression maqâsid ash-sharî'a (aims of the Sharî'a ) , we mean the goals aimed at by the Texts behind the orders, the prohibitions and the permissions that they state, and the objectives that the annexed precepts ( ahkâm juz'iyya ) are fixed concerning the individual, the family, the society and the community. We can also define these finalities as designating the wisdom ( hikma ) which is hidden behind the precepts of the law. Indeed, behind every precept that God has decreed for the attention of His servants, there is a wisdom, which some will pierce and others will not. God is too pure to enact a precept gratuitously and without particular reason or to enact a law contrary to wisdom.
One can discover the purposes of the Shari'a by more than one means:
- or by examining the texts of the Koran and the Sunna which are motivated by the causes ( ta'lîl ) of the laws they contain, in order to draw from them the aims and objectives of Islam.
- either by counting the accessory precepts of the law (al-ahkâm al-juz'iyya) , by meditating on their meaning and by bringing them together, in order to pierce the essential purpose(s) hidden behind them , and which the Legislator intended when He enacted them.
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